The Parisian club has now claimed the prestigious cup on 14 different times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a successful spot-kick decider to overcome Marseille in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward win in the showdown between the Ligue 1 winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger found the net early on.
However, Marseille struck twice in the closing moments to seize a shock advantage. Initially, the English forward scored from the spot-kick, before the defender unfortunately turned the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos snatched a crucial equaliser in the dying seconds to force the contest into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping decisive attempts from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and the young talent all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing shootout win.
Now 14-time winners Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now won this trophy for the twelfth time in the last thirteen seasons.